PERCEPTION OF TEACHERS TOWARDS TEACHER PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL AND ITS EFFECT ON SCHOOL ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN TRANS-NZOIA COUNTY, KENYA
Keywords:
Performance, appraisal, perception
Abstract
The study sought to investigate the perception of teachers towards teacher performance
appraisal and its effect on school academic performance. It is based on Duncan (1983) theory
of management by objective (MBO). The study employed a descriptive survey design with a
target population of all head and all teachers of the 83 public secondary schools in TransNzoia County. The study used stratified sampling technique to sample 36 public secondary
schools out of 83 in the whole district from boys, girls and mixed secondary schools. Finally,
simple random sampling was used to select 36 head teachers and 4 teachers from each
selected schools. This represented a sample of over 43% of the target population. However,
only 30 schools returned the questionnaires which were used in data collection. Data was
analyzed using descriptive statistics in form of tables, graphs and charts to answer the
question of the study. A pilot study was carried out to test the reliability of the research
instrument. Then study findings revealed that performance appraisal exists in schools and that
it contributes to effective school management in achieving desired academic performance.
The study findings would benefit educational planners, human resource officers, teachers,
management and teachers service commission on how to manage performance appraisal
effectively. The study recommends that performance appraisals ought to be professionalized,
appraisers to be thoroughly inducted on appraisal techniques as well as returning performance
appraisal feedback to appraises promptly.
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References
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appraisal design, development, and implementation. In handbook of human resource
management, Gerald R. Ferris, Sherman D. Rosen, and Darold T. Barnum ed.,
Cambridge, Mass: Blackwell.
Campbell, B. (1989) Introduction to educational administration. London; Allyn and Bacon
publishers.
Cawley, B. D., Keeping, L. M. and Levy, P.E. (1998). Participation in the performance
appraisal process and employee reactions: a meta- analytic review of field
investigations, journal of applied psychology.
Darling-Hammond, Linda (1990) Teacher Evaluation in Transition: emerging roles and
evolving methods”. In Millman, Jason, and Darling-Hammon, Linda, The New
Handbook of Teacher Evaluation. (www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/teacher/appraise.html)
Duke et al. (1991). Beyond minimum competence: evaluation for professional development”.
In Millman, Jason, and Darling-Hammon, Linda, The New Handbook of Teaching
Evaluation.
Duncan J. W. (1993). Management progressive responsibility in administration, Donneley
and Sons: Random House Division. New York.
Eshiwani G.S. (1983). Factors affecting performance. Nairobi: bureau of education research
(unpublished study).
Fuller B. (1986) Rising Schools Quality in Developing Countries: What investments boost
learning. Washington D.C World Bank.
Hanushek E. A. (1994) making schools work- improving performance and controlling costs
printed by R. R Donnelley & Sons Co. Harnsonburg, Virginia.
Hargreaves, Andrew (1991) Contrived Collegiality; the Micropolitics of Teachers
Collaboration. In Blasé, Joseph et al. The Politics of Life in Schools. USA: Sage
(http://www.ceeindia.org/newintra/hid/MOE.pdf.)
Imbert India 92003). School Improvement for Lasting School Improvement. Printed in USA
Library of Congress cataloguing in publication data.
Ingvarson et al. (1994) the career development model of teacher evaluation. In valuing
teachers work. Melbourne: ACEER.
Koontz, H. and Weihrich (1998) Essentials of Management: New York; Taita Mc. GrawHill
publishing company ltd.
Lewis (2002). Teacher leaders and their principals: exploring the development of new
working relationships. USA.
Maclean, Rupert (1992) teachers’ career and promotion patterns. London, UK: Falmer Press.
Maclean, Rupert, and Mckenzie, Phillip, et al.
Maina and Kibanga (2004). Human resource management 5th Edition. London. Published by
Bookpower Formerly (ELIST).
McGreaal, Thomas L. (1991). The use of rating scales in teacher evaluation: concerns and
recommendations. In Schwaab, Richard l et al. research-based evaluation.
Massachusetts: Kluwer. Merriam, Sharaan B.
MOORHEAD, g. & Griffin, R. W. (1992). Organizational behavior (third edition). Boston:
Houghton Mifflin Company.
Mugenda, O.M. and Mugenda, A.G. (1999) Research Methods. Quantitative and qualitative
approaches: Nairobi. Acts Press.
Mbiti, D.M. (1974) Foundation of School Administration: Oxford University Press.
Kreitner, L. (1983) Management. New Delhi: ATIBS publishers.
Koontz, T. (2005) School Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State Univ., 210
Kottman Hall.
Musvosvi D. B. (1988). Effective Teaching in the 21st Century, Africa. Publishing House,
Kendu Bay.
Okumbe, J. A. (1998) Educational Management Theory and Practice. Nairobi University.
Republic of Kenya (1964). Kenya education communication report. Nairobi:
Government Printer.
Psacharopoulos G. and Woodhall M. (1985) Education and Development: An Analysis of
Investment Choices. Washington DC: World Bank.
Republic of Kenya (1988). Reports of the working party on educational and manpower
training for the next decade and beyond. (Kamunge Report). Government printers.
Republic of Kenya (1964) Kenya Education Commission Report. Nairobi: Government
Printer.
Saleemi N. A. (1993). Principles of Management Revised edition. Saleemi publication ltd. publishing company ltd.
Lewis (2002). Teacher leaders and their principals: exploring the development of new
working relationships. USA.
Maclean, Rupert (1992) teachers’ career and promotion patterns. London, UK: Falmer Press.
Maclean, Rupert, and Mckenzie, Phillip, et al.
Maina and Kibanga (2004). Human resource management 5th Edition. London. Published by
Bookpower Formerly (ELIST).
McGreaal, Thomas L. (1991). The use of rating scales in teacher evaluation: concerns and
recommendations. In Schwaab, Richard l et al. research-based evaluation.
Massachusetts: Kluwer. Merriam, Sharaan B.
MOORHEAD, g. & Griffin, R. W. (1992). Organizational behavior (third edition). Boston:
Houghton Mifflin Company.
Mugenda, O.M. and Mugenda, A.G. (1999) Research Methods. Quantitative and qualitative
approaches: Nairobi. Acts Press.
Mbiti, D.M. (1974) Foundation of School Administration: Oxford University Press.
Kreitner, L. (1983) Management. New Delhi: ATIBS publishers.
Koontz, T. (2005) School Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State Univ., 210
Kottman Hall.
Musvosvi D. B. (1988). Effective Teaching in the 21st Century, Africa. Publishing House,
Kendu Bay.
Okumbe, J. A. (1998) Educational Management Theory and Practice. Nairobi University.
Republic of Kenya (1964). Kenya education communication report. Nairobi:
Government Printer.
Psacharopoulos G. and Woodhall M. (1985) Education and Development: An Analysis of
Investment Choices. Washington DC: World Bank.
Republic of Kenya (1988). Reports of the working party on educational and manpower
training for the next decade and beyond. (Kamunge Report). Government printers.
Republic of Kenya (1964) Kenya Education Commission Report. Nairobi: Government
Printer.
Saleemi N. A. (1993). Principles of Management Revised edition. Saleemi publication ltd.publishing company ltd.
Lewis (2002). Teacher leaders and their principals: exploring the development of new
working relationships. USA.
Maclean, Rupert (1992) teachers’ career and promotion patterns. London, UK: Falmer Press.
Maclean, Rupert, and Mckenzie, Phillip, et al.
Maina and Kibanga (2004). Human resource management 5th Edition. London. Published by
Bookpower Formerly (ELIST).
McGreaal, Thomas L. (1991). The use of rating scales in teacher evaluation: concerns and
recommendations. In Schwaab, Richard l et al. research-based evaluation.
Massachusetts: Kluwer. Merriam, Sharaan B.
MOORHEAD, g. & Griffin, R. W. (1992). Organizational behavior (third edition). Boston:
Houghton Mifflin Company.
Mugenda, O.M. and Mugenda, A.G. (1999) Research Methods. Quantitative and qualitative
approaches: Nairobi. Acts Press.
Mbiti, D.M. (1974) Foundation of School Administration: Oxford University Press.
Kreitner, L. (1983) Management. New Delhi: ATIBS publishers.
Koontz, T. (2005) School Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State Univ., 210
Kottman Hall.
Musvosvi D. B. (1988). Effective Teaching in the 21st Century, Africa. Publishing House,
Kendu Bay.
Okumbe, J. A. (1998) Educational Management Theory and Practice. Nairobi University.
Republic of Kenya (1964). Kenya education communication report. Nairobi:
Government Printer.
Psacharopoulos G. and Woodhall M. (1985) Education and Development: An Analysis of
Investment Choices. Washington DC: World Bank.
Republic of Kenya (1988). Reports of the working party on educational and manpower
training for the next decade and beyond. (Kamunge Report). Government printers.
Republic of Kenya (1964) Kenya Education Commission Report. Nairobi: Government
Printer.
Saleemi N. A. (1993). Principles of Management Revised edition. Saleemi publication ltd.
appraisal design, development, and implementation. In handbook of human resource
management, Gerald R. Ferris, Sherman D. Rosen, and Darold T. Barnum ed.,
Cambridge, Mass: Blackwell.
Campbell, B. (1989) Introduction to educational administration. London; Allyn and Bacon
publishers.
Cawley, B. D., Keeping, L. M. and Levy, P.E. (1998). Participation in the performance
appraisal process and employee reactions: a meta- analytic review of field
investigations, journal of applied psychology.
Darling-Hammond, Linda (1990) Teacher Evaluation in Transition: emerging roles and
evolving methods”. In Millman, Jason, and Darling-Hammon, Linda, The New
Handbook of Teacher Evaluation. (www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/teacher/appraise.html)
Duke et al. (1991). Beyond minimum competence: evaluation for professional development”.
In Millman, Jason, and Darling-Hammon, Linda, The New Handbook of Teaching
Evaluation.
Duncan J. W. (1993). Management progressive responsibility in administration, Donneley
and Sons: Random House Division. New York.
Eshiwani G.S. (1983). Factors affecting performance. Nairobi: bureau of education research
(unpublished study).
Fuller B. (1986) Rising Schools Quality in Developing Countries: What investments boost
learning. Washington D.C World Bank.
Hanushek E. A. (1994) making schools work- improving performance and controlling costs
printed by R. R Donnelley & Sons Co. Harnsonburg, Virginia.
Hargreaves, Andrew (1991) Contrived Collegiality; the Micropolitics of Teachers
Collaboration. In Blasé, Joseph et al. The Politics of Life in Schools. USA: Sage
(http://www.ceeindia.org/newintra/hid/MOE.pdf.)
Imbert India 92003). School Improvement for Lasting School Improvement. Printed in USA
Library of Congress cataloguing in publication data.
Ingvarson et al. (1994) the career development model of teacher evaluation. In valuing
teachers work. Melbourne: ACEER.
Koontz, H. and Weihrich (1998) Essentials of Management: New York; Taita Mc. GrawHill
publishing company ltd.
Lewis (2002). Teacher leaders and their principals: exploring the development of new
working relationships. USA.
Maclean, Rupert (1992) teachers’ career and promotion patterns. London, UK: Falmer Press.
Maclean, Rupert, and Mckenzie, Phillip, et al.
Maina and Kibanga (2004). Human resource management 5th Edition. London. Published by
Bookpower Formerly (ELIST).
McGreaal, Thomas L. (1991). The use of rating scales in teacher evaluation: concerns and
recommendations. In Schwaab, Richard l et al. research-based evaluation.
Massachusetts: Kluwer. Merriam, Sharaan B.
MOORHEAD, g. & Griffin, R. W. (1992). Organizational behavior (third edition). Boston:
Houghton Mifflin Company.
Mugenda, O.M. and Mugenda, A.G. (1999) Research Methods. Quantitative and qualitative
approaches: Nairobi. Acts Press.
Mbiti, D.M. (1974) Foundation of School Administration: Oxford University Press.
Kreitner, L. (1983) Management. New Delhi: ATIBS publishers.
Koontz, T. (2005) School Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State Univ., 210
Kottman Hall.
Musvosvi D. B. (1988). Effective Teaching in the 21st Century, Africa. Publishing House,
Kendu Bay.
Okumbe, J. A. (1998) Educational Management Theory and Practice. Nairobi University.
Republic of Kenya (1964). Kenya education communication report. Nairobi:
Government Printer.
Psacharopoulos G. and Woodhall M. (1985) Education and Development: An Analysis of
Investment Choices. Washington DC: World Bank.
Republic of Kenya (1988). Reports of the working party on educational and manpower
training for the next decade and beyond. (Kamunge Report). Government printers.
Republic of Kenya (1964) Kenya Education Commission Report. Nairobi: Government
Printer.
Saleemi N. A. (1993). Principles of Management Revised edition. Saleemi publication ltd. publishing company ltd.
Lewis (2002). Teacher leaders and their principals: exploring the development of new
working relationships. USA.
Maclean, Rupert (1992) teachers’ career and promotion patterns. London, UK: Falmer Press.
Maclean, Rupert, and Mckenzie, Phillip, et al.
Maina and Kibanga (2004). Human resource management 5th Edition. London. Published by
Bookpower Formerly (ELIST).
McGreaal, Thomas L. (1991). The use of rating scales in teacher evaluation: concerns and
recommendations. In Schwaab, Richard l et al. research-based evaluation.
Massachusetts: Kluwer. Merriam, Sharaan B.
MOORHEAD, g. & Griffin, R. W. (1992). Organizational behavior (third edition). Boston:
Houghton Mifflin Company.
Mugenda, O.M. and Mugenda, A.G. (1999) Research Methods. Quantitative and qualitative
approaches: Nairobi. Acts Press.
Mbiti, D.M. (1974) Foundation of School Administration: Oxford University Press.
Kreitner, L. (1983) Management. New Delhi: ATIBS publishers.
Koontz, T. (2005) School Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State Univ., 210
Kottman Hall.
Musvosvi D. B. (1988). Effective Teaching in the 21st Century, Africa. Publishing House,
Kendu Bay.
Okumbe, J. A. (1998) Educational Management Theory and Practice. Nairobi University.
Republic of Kenya (1964). Kenya education communication report. Nairobi:
Government Printer.
Psacharopoulos G. and Woodhall M. (1985) Education and Development: An Analysis of
Investment Choices. Washington DC: World Bank.
Republic of Kenya (1988). Reports of the working party on educational and manpower
training for the next decade and beyond. (Kamunge Report). Government printers.
Republic of Kenya (1964) Kenya Education Commission Report. Nairobi: Government
Printer.
Saleemi N. A. (1993). Principles of Management Revised edition. Saleemi publication ltd.publishing company ltd.
Lewis (2002). Teacher leaders and their principals: exploring the development of new
working relationships. USA.
Maclean, Rupert (1992) teachers’ career and promotion patterns. London, UK: Falmer Press.
Maclean, Rupert, and Mckenzie, Phillip, et al.
Maina and Kibanga (2004). Human resource management 5th Edition. London. Published by
Bookpower Formerly (ELIST).
McGreaal, Thomas L. (1991). The use of rating scales in teacher evaluation: concerns and
recommendations. In Schwaab, Richard l et al. research-based evaluation.
Massachusetts: Kluwer. Merriam, Sharaan B.
MOORHEAD, g. & Griffin, R. W. (1992). Organizational behavior (third edition). Boston:
Houghton Mifflin Company.
Mugenda, O.M. and Mugenda, A.G. (1999) Research Methods. Quantitative and qualitative
approaches: Nairobi. Acts Press.
Mbiti, D.M. (1974) Foundation of School Administration: Oxford University Press.
Kreitner, L. (1983) Management. New Delhi: ATIBS publishers.
Koontz, T. (2005) School Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State Univ., 210
Kottman Hall.
Musvosvi D. B. (1988). Effective Teaching in the 21st Century, Africa. Publishing House,
Kendu Bay.
Okumbe, J. A. (1998) Educational Management Theory and Practice. Nairobi University.
Republic of Kenya (1964). Kenya education communication report. Nairobi:
Government Printer.
Psacharopoulos G. and Woodhall M. (1985) Education and Development: An Analysis of
Investment Choices. Washington DC: World Bank.
Republic of Kenya (1988). Reports of the working party on educational and manpower
training for the next decade and beyond. (Kamunge Report). Government printers.
Republic of Kenya (1964) Kenya Education Commission Report. Nairobi: Government
Printer.
Saleemi N. A. (1993). Principles of Management Revised edition. Saleemi publication ltd.
Published
2015-10-31
How to Cite
Chepkoech, E. (2015). PERCEPTION OF TEACHERS TOWARDS TEACHER PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL AND ITS EFFECT ON SCHOOL ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN TRANS-NZOIA COUNTY, KENYA. IJRDO-Journal of Applied Science, 1(6), 24-41. https://doi.org/10.53555/as.v1i6.2338
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