A study on tourists perceived sacrifices at rural destination
Keywords:
Rural tourism, Perceived sacrifices, Rural destinations
Abstract
Rural tourism has gained a sudden prominence in India in the last decade and still much more is left to be explored. The importance of rural tourism as a part of the overall tourism market depends on each country’s tourism resources, infrastructure image, market access and the presence of other types of tourism products. The development of tourism in a rural area is not simply a matter of matching tourist demands with local product supply but a matter of evaluating local suitability and acceptability. Many successful experiences in development countries prove that tourism can become a leading sector for the people who conserve natural resources and live on it. The results of the study reveal that the rural tourism sector has specific characteristics that tourists greatly value and that other specialist tourist markets cannot offer, as highlighted in the contribution made by rural tourism enterprises to rural sustainability. This knowledge can help tailor product development and destination design to suit specific demands of rural tourists and influence communication and promotional activities, hence will try to reduce the level of their sacrifices.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Aizen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behaviour. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
Albayrak, T., & Caber, M. (2016). Destination Attribute Effects on Rock Climbing Tourist Satisfaction: An Asymmetric Impact-Performance Analysis. Tourism Geographies , 18 (3), 280-296.
Andriotis, Konstantinos., Agiomirgianakis, George., & Athanasios, Mihiotis. (2008). Measuring tourist satisfaction: A factor-cluster segmentation approach, Journal of Vacation Marketing, 14(3), 221-235.
Apostolopoulos, Yiorgos., Stella, Leivadi., & Andrew, Yiannakis. (1996). The sociology of tourism : theoretical and empirical investigations. Psychology Press.
Bagri, S. C., & Kala, D. (2015). Tourists’ Satisfaction at Trijuginarayan: An Emerging Spiritual and Adventure Tourist Destination in Garhwal Himalaya India, Turizam. Original Scientific Paper , 19 (4), 165-182.
Barsky, J.D., (1992). Customer satisfaction in the hotel industry: Meaning and measurement. Hospitality Research Journal, 16, 51–73.
Bhatia, A. K. (1994). International Tourism Fundamentals and Practices. New Delhi: Sterling Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Bojanic, D.C. (1996). Consumer perceptions of price, value and satisfaction in the hotel industry: anexploratory study. Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, 4(1), 5–22.
Bontron, J., & Lasnier, N. (1997). ëTourism: A Potential Source of Rural Employment. In B. Bollman, Ruram Employment:An International Perspective (pp. 427-446). Wallingford: CAB International.
Chand, M. (2000). Travel Agency Management. New Delhi: Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd.
Chand, M., & Kaule, H. (2016). Relationship between Tourist Characteristics and Destination Satisfaction: A Cross National Study, Tourism A multifaceted Perspective. New Delhi: Bharti Publications.
Chang, J. C. (2008). Tourists' Satisfaction Judgments: An Investigation of Emotion, Equity, and Attribution. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research , 32 (1), 108-134.
Chon, K.S., & Olsen, M.D. (1991). Functional and Symbolic Approaches to Consumer Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction. Journal of the International Academy of Hospitality Research, 28(1), 1-20.
Census of India. (2001). Retrieved February Saturday, 2013, from http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/area_and_population.aspx
Cloke, J. P., & Park, C. (1985). Rural Resource Management. New York: St. Martin's Press.D. Chadee.,& Mattsson, J. (1995), Measuring customer satisfaction in tourist service encounters. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, Philadelphia, 4, 97-107.
Danaher, P. J., & Arweiler, N. (1996). Customer Satisfaction in the Tourist Industry: A Case Study of Visitors to New Zealand. Journal of Travel Research, 35(1), 89–93.
Fornell, C. (1992). A National Customer Satisfaction Barometer The Swedish Experience. Journal of Marketing, 56, 6-21.
Gnoth, J. (1997). Tourism motivation and expectation formation. Annals of Tourism Research , 24 (2), 283-304.
Gupta, K., Stewart, D.W. (1996). Customer satisfaction and customer behavior: The differential role of brand and category expectations. Market Lett 7, 249–263.
Hall, C. M., & Jenkins, M. J. (1995). Tourism and public policy. London: Routledge.
Hasegawa, H. (2010). Analyzing tourists' satisfaction: A multivariate ordered probit approach. Tourism Management , 31 (1), 86-97.
Hawkins, D. I., Best, R. J., Coney, K. A., & Mookerjee, A. (2007). Consumer Behavior: Building Marketing Strategy. Tata Mcgraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited.
Heung, V. C., & Cheng, E. (2000). Assessing Tourists’ Satisfaction with Shopping in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China. Journal of Travel Research , 38 (4), 396-404.
Hill, C. A. (1987). Affiliation motivation: People who need people… but in different ways. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(5), 1008–1018. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.5.1008
Hungarian National Tourist Office. (2005). National tourism development strategy.
Hunt, S. D. (1977). The Three Dichotomies Model of Marketing: An Elaboration of Issues, en C. C. Slater (Ed.), Macromarketing: Distributive Processes From a Societal Perspective, 52-56. Colorado: University of Colorado, Business Research Division.Joppe, Marion., Martin, David., & Waalen, Judith. (2001). Toronto's Image As a Destination: A Comparative Importance-Satisfaction Analysis by Origin of Visitor. Journal of Travel Research, 39. 252-260.
Keaveney, S.M. (1995) Customer Switching Behavior in Service Industries An Explorative Study. Journal of Marketing, 59, 71-82.
Khuong, M. N., Hong, A. N., & Uyen, N. T. (2016). Direct and Indirect Effects on International Tourists‘Destination Satisfaction—The Case of the World Natural Heritage of Halong Bay, Vietnam. Journal of Economics, Business and Management , 4 (2), 85-91.
Kozak, M. (2001). Comparative assessment of tourist satisfaction with destinations across two nationalities. Tourism Management , 22 (4), 391-401.
Kozak, M., & Rimmington, M. (2000). Tourist Satisfaction with Mallorca, Spain, as an Off-Season Holiday Destination. Journal of Travel Research , 38 (3), 260-69.
Lew, A. A., Hall, C. M., & Williams, A. M. (2004). A Companian to Tourism. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
MacKay, K. J. ; Crompton, J. L..(1990). Measuring the quality of recreation services.
Journal of Park and Recreation Administration 8(3), 47-56.
Matzler, K., Fuller, J., Renzl, B., Herting, S., & Spath, S. (2008). Customer Satisfaction with Alpine Ski Areas: The Moderating Effects of Personal, Situational, and Product Factors. Journal of Travel Research , 46 (4), 403-413.
Mingfang, Z. (2010). Assessing Inbound Tourists’ Overall Satisfaction Using the Tourist Satisfaction Index: A case study of Shenzhen. International Conference on Economics and Finance Research, (pp. 46-50). China.
Morrison, Alastair. M., Hsieh, S. & O.Leary, Joseph. (1994). Segmenting the Australian domestic travel market by holiday activity participation. Journal of Tourism Studies. 5. 39-56.
Mowforth, M., & Munt, I. (2009). Tourism and Sustainability: Development, Globalization and New Tourism in the third world. London and New York: Routledge.
Neal, J. D., & Gursoy, D. (2008). A Multifaceted Analysis of Tourism Satisfaction. Journal of Travel Research , 47 (1), 53-62.
Oliver, R. L. (1980). A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 17(4), 460–469
Olson, J. C., & Dover, P. A. (1979). Disconfirmation of consumer expectations through product trial. Journal of Applied Psychology, 64(2), 179–189
Peter, J. P. and Olson, J. C., (1996). Consumer Behavior and Marketing Strategy, Chicago: Irwin.
Poon, A. (1994). The new tourism revolution. Tourism management , 15 (2), 91-92.
Prosser, G. (2000). Regional tourism research: A scooping study. Lismore: Southern cross university.
Reisinger, Y., & Turner, LW. (2002). Cultural differences between Asian tourist markets and Australian hosts. Journal of Travel Research, 40(3), 295–315.
Ross, Elizabeth. L. Dunn., & Iso, Ahola. Seppo. E. (1991), Sightseeing tourists' motivation and satisfaction, Annals of Tourism Research, Volume 18, Issue 2, 1991, 226-237.
Saleh, Farouk., & Ryan, Chris. (1991). Analysing Service Quality in the Hospitality Industry Using the SERVQUAL Model. Service Industries Journal, 11, 324-345.
Scheyvens, R. (2002). Tourism for development: Empowering communities. Essex: Pearson Press.
Sharpley, J., & Sharpley, R. (1997). Rural Tourism: An Introduction. London: International Thompson Business Press.
Smith, S. (1998). Defining Tourism: A supply-side view. Annals of Tourism Research , 15 (2), 179-190.
Solomon, M. R. (1996). Consumer Behavior: Buying, Having, and Being. New Jersey.
Swan, J.E. and Combs, L.J. (1976): “Product Performance and Customer Satisfaction”, Journal of Marketing. 40(2), 25–33.
Swarbrooke,John., & Horner, Susan. (2001).Business Travel and Tourism book. Butterworth-Heinemann.
Toy, D., Kerstetter, D. & Rager, R. (2002). Evaluating customer satisfaction: A contingency model approach. Journal of Tourism Analysis, 6, 99-108.
Tsai, C. T. (2016). Memorable Tourist Experiences and Place Attachment When Consuming Local Food. International Journal of Tourism Research .
Tuna, M. (2006). Cultural Approximation and Tourist Satisfaction. Progress in Tourism Marketing , 207-219.
Vogt, C. A., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (1995). Tourists and retailers' perceptions of services. Annals of Tourism Research , 22 (4), 763-780.
Wall, G., & Mathieson, A. (1982). Tourism: change, impacts and opportunities. Retrieved 10 12, 2019, from http://www.perpus.univpancasila.ac.id/repository/EBUPT190875.pdf
Wilkerson, M. L. (1996). 'Information for developers' Developing a rural tourism plan:The major publications. Economic development review , 14 (2), 79-93.
Zabkar, V., Brencic, M. M., & Dmitrovic, T. (2009). Modelling perceived quality, visitor satisfaction and behavioural intentions at the destination level. Tourism Management , 27 (5), 780-795.
Zeithmal, V. A. (1988). Consumer Perceptions of Price, Quality, and Value: A Means-End Model and Synthesis of Evidence. Jounal of Marketing , 2-22.
Albayrak, T., & Caber, M. (2016). Destination Attribute Effects on Rock Climbing Tourist Satisfaction: An Asymmetric Impact-Performance Analysis. Tourism Geographies , 18 (3), 280-296.
Andriotis, Konstantinos., Agiomirgianakis, George., & Athanasios, Mihiotis. (2008). Measuring tourist satisfaction: A factor-cluster segmentation approach, Journal of Vacation Marketing, 14(3), 221-235.
Apostolopoulos, Yiorgos., Stella, Leivadi., & Andrew, Yiannakis. (1996). The sociology of tourism : theoretical and empirical investigations. Psychology Press.
Bagri, S. C., & Kala, D. (2015). Tourists’ Satisfaction at Trijuginarayan: An Emerging Spiritual and Adventure Tourist Destination in Garhwal Himalaya India, Turizam. Original Scientific Paper , 19 (4), 165-182.
Barsky, J.D., (1992). Customer satisfaction in the hotel industry: Meaning and measurement. Hospitality Research Journal, 16, 51–73.
Bhatia, A. K. (1994). International Tourism Fundamentals and Practices. New Delhi: Sterling Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Bojanic, D.C. (1996). Consumer perceptions of price, value and satisfaction in the hotel industry: anexploratory study. Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, 4(1), 5–22.
Bontron, J., & Lasnier, N. (1997). ëTourism: A Potential Source of Rural Employment. In B. Bollman, Ruram Employment:An International Perspective (pp. 427-446). Wallingford: CAB International.
Chand, M. (2000). Travel Agency Management. New Delhi: Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd.
Chand, M., & Kaule, H. (2016). Relationship between Tourist Characteristics and Destination Satisfaction: A Cross National Study, Tourism A multifaceted Perspective. New Delhi: Bharti Publications.
Chang, J. C. (2008). Tourists' Satisfaction Judgments: An Investigation of Emotion, Equity, and Attribution. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research , 32 (1), 108-134.
Chon, K.S., & Olsen, M.D. (1991). Functional and Symbolic Approaches to Consumer Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction. Journal of the International Academy of Hospitality Research, 28(1), 1-20.
Census of India. (2001). Retrieved February Saturday, 2013, from http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/area_and_population.aspx
Cloke, J. P., & Park, C. (1985). Rural Resource Management. New York: St. Martin's Press.D. Chadee.,& Mattsson, J. (1995), Measuring customer satisfaction in tourist service encounters. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, Philadelphia, 4, 97-107.
Danaher, P. J., & Arweiler, N. (1996). Customer Satisfaction in the Tourist Industry: A Case Study of Visitors to New Zealand. Journal of Travel Research, 35(1), 89–93.
Fornell, C. (1992). A National Customer Satisfaction Barometer The Swedish Experience. Journal of Marketing, 56, 6-21.
Gnoth, J. (1997). Tourism motivation and expectation formation. Annals of Tourism Research , 24 (2), 283-304.
Gupta, K., Stewart, D.W. (1996). Customer satisfaction and customer behavior: The differential role of brand and category expectations. Market Lett 7, 249–263.
Hall, C. M., & Jenkins, M. J. (1995). Tourism and public policy. London: Routledge.
Hasegawa, H. (2010). Analyzing tourists' satisfaction: A multivariate ordered probit approach. Tourism Management , 31 (1), 86-97.
Hawkins, D. I., Best, R. J., Coney, K. A., & Mookerjee, A. (2007). Consumer Behavior: Building Marketing Strategy. Tata Mcgraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited.
Heung, V. C., & Cheng, E. (2000). Assessing Tourists’ Satisfaction with Shopping in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China. Journal of Travel Research , 38 (4), 396-404.
Hill, C. A. (1987). Affiliation motivation: People who need people… but in different ways. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(5), 1008–1018. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.5.1008
Hungarian National Tourist Office. (2005). National tourism development strategy.
Hunt, S. D. (1977). The Three Dichotomies Model of Marketing: An Elaboration of Issues, en C. C. Slater (Ed.), Macromarketing: Distributive Processes From a Societal Perspective, 52-56. Colorado: University of Colorado, Business Research Division.Joppe, Marion., Martin, David., & Waalen, Judith. (2001). Toronto's Image As a Destination: A Comparative Importance-Satisfaction Analysis by Origin of Visitor. Journal of Travel Research, 39. 252-260.
Keaveney, S.M. (1995) Customer Switching Behavior in Service Industries An Explorative Study. Journal of Marketing, 59, 71-82.
Khuong, M. N., Hong, A. N., & Uyen, N. T. (2016). Direct and Indirect Effects on International Tourists‘Destination Satisfaction—The Case of the World Natural Heritage of Halong Bay, Vietnam. Journal of Economics, Business and Management , 4 (2), 85-91.
Kozak, M. (2001). Comparative assessment of tourist satisfaction with destinations across two nationalities. Tourism Management , 22 (4), 391-401.
Kozak, M., & Rimmington, M. (2000). Tourist Satisfaction with Mallorca, Spain, as an Off-Season Holiday Destination. Journal of Travel Research , 38 (3), 260-69.
Lew, A. A., Hall, C. M., & Williams, A. M. (2004). A Companian to Tourism. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
MacKay, K. J. ; Crompton, J. L..(1990). Measuring the quality of recreation services.
Journal of Park and Recreation Administration 8(3), 47-56.
Matzler, K., Fuller, J., Renzl, B., Herting, S., & Spath, S. (2008). Customer Satisfaction with Alpine Ski Areas: The Moderating Effects of Personal, Situational, and Product Factors. Journal of Travel Research , 46 (4), 403-413.
Mingfang, Z. (2010). Assessing Inbound Tourists’ Overall Satisfaction Using the Tourist Satisfaction Index: A case study of Shenzhen. International Conference on Economics and Finance Research, (pp. 46-50). China.
Morrison, Alastair. M., Hsieh, S. & O.Leary, Joseph. (1994). Segmenting the Australian domestic travel market by holiday activity participation. Journal of Tourism Studies. 5. 39-56.
Mowforth, M., & Munt, I. (2009). Tourism and Sustainability: Development, Globalization and New Tourism in the third world. London and New York: Routledge.
Neal, J. D., & Gursoy, D. (2008). A Multifaceted Analysis of Tourism Satisfaction. Journal of Travel Research , 47 (1), 53-62.
Oliver, R. L. (1980). A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 17(4), 460–469
Olson, J. C., & Dover, P. A. (1979). Disconfirmation of consumer expectations through product trial. Journal of Applied Psychology, 64(2), 179–189
Peter, J. P. and Olson, J. C., (1996). Consumer Behavior and Marketing Strategy, Chicago: Irwin.
Poon, A. (1994). The new tourism revolution. Tourism management , 15 (2), 91-92.
Prosser, G. (2000). Regional tourism research: A scooping study. Lismore: Southern cross university.
Reisinger, Y., & Turner, LW. (2002). Cultural differences between Asian tourist markets and Australian hosts. Journal of Travel Research, 40(3), 295–315.
Ross, Elizabeth. L. Dunn., & Iso, Ahola. Seppo. E. (1991), Sightseeing tourists' motivation and satisfaction, Annals of Tourism Research, Volume 18, Issue 2, 1991, 226-237.
Saleh, Farouk., & Ryan, Chris. (1991). Analysing Service Quality in the Hospitality Industry Using the SERVQUAL Model. Service Industries Journal, 11, 324-345.
Scheyvens, R. (2002). Tourism for development: Empowering communities. Essex: Pearson Press.
Sharpley, J., & Sharpley, R. (1997). Rural Tourism: An Introduction. London: International Thompson Business Press.
Smith, S. (1998). Defining Tourism: A supply-side view. Annals of Tourism Research , 15 (2), 179-190.
Solomon, M. R. (1996). Consumer Behavior: Buying, Having, and Being. New Jersey.
Swan, J.E. and Combs, L.J. (1976): “Product Performance and Customer Satisfaction”, Journal of Marketing. 40(2), 25–33.
Swarbrooke,John., & Horner, Susan. (2001).Business Travel and Tourism book. Butterworth-Heinemann.
Toy, D., Kerstetter, D. & Rager, R. (2002). Evaluating customer satisfaction: A contingency model approach. Journal of Tourism Analysis, 6, 99-108.
Tsai, C. T. (2016). Memorable Tourist Experiences and Place Attachment When Consuming Local Food. International Journal of Tourism Research .
Tuna, M. (2006). Cultural Approximation and Tourist Satisfaction. Progress in Tourism Marketing , 207-219.
Vogt, C. A., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (1995). Tourists and retailers' perceptions of services. Annals of Tourism Research , 22 (4), 763-780.
Wall, G., & Mathieson, A. (1982). Tourism: change, impacts and opportunities. Retrieved 10 12, 2019, from http://www.perpus.univpancasila.ac.id/repository/EBUPT190875.pdf
Wilkerson, M. L. (1996). 'Information for developers' Developing a rural tourism plan:The major publications. Economic development review , 14 (2), 79-93.
Zabkar, V., Brencic, M. M., & Dmitrovic, T. (2009). Modelling perceived quality, visitor satisfaction and behavioural intentions at the destination level. Tourism Management , 27 (5), 780-795.
Zeithmal, V. A. (1988). Consumer Perceptions of Price, Quality, and Value: A Means-End Model and Synthesis of Evidence. Jounal of Marketing , 2-22.
Published
2017-12-30
How to Cite
Kaur, J., & Dr Nimit Chowdhary. (2017). A study on tourists perceived sacrifices at rural destination. IJRDO - Journal of Business Management, 3(12), 115-128. https://doi.org/10.53555/bm.v3i12.4015
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2017 IJRDO - Journal of Business Management (ISSN: 2455-6661)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Author(s) and co-author(s) jointly and severally represent and warrant that the Article is original with the author(s) and does not infringe any copyright or violate any other right of any third parties, and that the Article has not been published elsewhere. Author(s) agree to the terms that the IJRDO Journal will have the full right to remove the published article on any misconduct found in the published article.
